Antibiotics are medications specifically designed to treat bacterial infections by either killing the bacteria or inhibiting their growth. Since their discovery in the early 20th century, antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine, making once-deadly infections treatable. However, their effectiveness is being challenged by the growing issue of antibiotic resistance.
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria mutate in response to the use of these drugs. This can happen when antibiotics are overused or misused—for instance, when they're prescribed for viral infections like the common cold, or when a patient doesn't complete the full prescribed course. The bacteria that survive become more resistant and harder to eliminate in future infections.
To preserve the efficacy of antibiotics, they should only be used when prescribed by a qualified healthcare professional. Self-medication or taking leftover antibiotics from previous illnesses can do more harm than good. Physicians usually select antibiotics based on the type of bacteria, the site of infection, and the patient's medical history.
Common bacterial infections treated with antibiotics include strep throat, urinary tract infections, bacterial pneumonia, and certain types of food poisoning. It’s important to note that antibiotics are not effective against viruses, such as those causing the flu or COVID-19.
Public health campaigns are now focusing on promoting awareness of responsible antibiotic use. Globally, governments and health organizations are pushing for policies that regulate antibiotic sales and promote research into new treatments.
By understanding how antibiotics work and using them correctly, individuals can contribute to slowing down antibiotic resistance, ensuring that these life-saving drugs remain effective for future generations.
